World History Free Essays

Early modern Western Europe faced political changes from 1500-1750. These were based on three main political ideas: monarchy, balance of power, and religious reforms. The main type of government became monarchies, which had one main ruler and a parliament. We will write a custom essay sample on World History or any similar topic only for you Order Now The parliament was a group of state-elected legislatures, used to represent the citizens. Document five, Political Craft and Craftiness on page 420-421, explains the qualities that Machiavelli thought that a prince should have to be a proper prince. In the past, empires had one ruler and that was it, which meant that the citizens had no say in what was going on in the government. This made the process of law-making more fair than if just one person were making all of the decisions. Balance of power kept any one European nation from having more power than any of the other European nations. This was done by creating temporary alliances with one another to ensure that nobody would have the chance to gain more power. The size of King Louis XVI, found in a picture on page 424 (document six), shows just how strong of a ruler he was, and therefore what a strong empire e had. This is because the stronger a king is, the stronger everything that he has control of will. Also, the picture of the Spanish Armada on page 425 (document seven) shows that Spain had a very strong army, which also meant that Spain was a strong empire. These are two examples of why the balance of power would be needed. Finally, the religious reformations, including the Catholic Reformation and Protestant Reformation, meant that the churches lost power. People were protesting the ways of Christianity and Catholicism, because Martin Luther said that Christian belief must be based on the word of God and what was said in the Bible as opposed to the authority of the pope. This led to a shift in power from the church to the actual ruler of the empire. Document one, a map of religious reform on page 408, shows the spread of Calvinism as well as what religion each area practiced, allows you to tell where religious reformations occurred. How to cite World History, Essay examples WORLD HISTORY Free Essays World History Free Essays AP World History Reading Guide Ch 20 The Muslim Empires 1) Which of the following was NOT one of the early modern Islamic empires? Ottoman Abbasid Gujarat Mughal Safavid 2) How were the three Muslim early modern empires similar? 3) What were the differences between the various Muslim early modern empires? 4) Prior to the Mongol invasions of their empire, the Abbasid dynasty was dominated by what group? 5) The original base of the Ottoman Turks was where? 6) Following the Timurid invasions, the Ottoman Empire was restored under what leader? 7) The Ottomans conquered Constantinople and ended the Byzantine Empire in what year? 8) Describe Ottoman naval. 9) Who were the Janissaries? 10) What permitted the Janissaries to gain a position of prominence in the Ottoman Empire? 11) The head of the Ottoman central bureaucracy was the†¦? 12) What was the principle of succession within the Ottoman Empire? 13) One of the most beautiful of the Ottoman mosques of Constantinople was the? 14) What did the Ottomans do to Constantinople following its fall in 1453? 15) In what way were the artisans of Constantinople similar to their counterparts in the West? 16) What was the chosen language of the Ottoman court? 17) How did the Ottoman dynasty compare to other ruling families? 18) What were the causes for the decline of the Ottoman Empire? 19) On the sea, the Ottoman galleys were eclipsed by Western naval power as early as? 20) What European nation first threatened the Ottoman monopoly of trade with East Africa and India? 21) What were the results of the Ottoman loss of monopoly over the Indian trade? 22) Which group represented such extreme conservatism within the Ottoman Empire that reform was frustrated? 23) What were the differences between the declines of the Abbasids and the Ottomans? 24) What were the differences between the origins of the Ottomans and the Safavids? 25) The center of the Safavid Empire was the modern-day state of? 26) The Safavid dynasty had its origins in the fourteenth century in a family devoted to what variant of Islam? 27) In what year was the first Safavid declared Shah? 28) Followers of the Safavids’ followers were called? 29) The first Safavid Shah was? 30) Why was the battle of Chaldiran in 1514 so important? 31) The Safavid Empire reached its greatest extent under Shah†¦? 32) What was the status of the Turkic chiefs under the Safavid Shahs? 33) After Chaldiran, the official language of the Safavid Empire became? 34) The capital of the Safavid Empire under Abbas the Great was? 35) How did the Safavids economy compare to that of the Ottomans? 36) What led to the rapid demise of the Safavid Empire? 37) The immediate successor of the Safavid dynasty in Persia was? 38) Who was the founder of the Mughal dynasty? 39) The first Mughal emperor successfully defeated the Muslim ruler of the Lodi dynasty in 1526 at the battle of? 40) Describe the accomplishments / life of Babur 41) Describe the reign of Humayan. 42) Describe the reign of Akbar. We will write a custom essay sample on World History or any similar topic only for you Order Now 43) What was the critical feature of Akbar’s new religion, the Din-i-Ilahi? 44) What was the outcome of the Din-i-Ilahi? 45) Describe the economy of the Mughal Empire. 46) What was the state of the Mughal dynasty at the outset of the reign of Aurangzeb? 47) What were the goals of Aurangzeb? 48) What was the impact of Aurangzeb’s religious policies? 49) What was the state of the Mughal Empire following Aurangzeb’s death in 1707? 50) Describe the relationship of the Muslim empires to the West. How to cite World History, Essay examples World History Free Essays During the medieval times, feudalism was the institution that characterized the political and economic landscape of Europe. What began as a contract between a lord and vassal eventually became the means for social organization in Europe. The term â€Å"feudalism† was said to have originated from â€Å"vieh,† the German word for cow (Nelson, 1999). We will write a custom essay sample on World History or any similar topic only for you Order Now This was because cows were the determinants of wealth for the early Germans (Nelson, 1999). Consequently, the term â€Å"fief† was used, which means â€Å"something of value† (Nelson, 1999). In the medieval era, land was the most valuable. Essentially, feudalism is â€Å"the contractual relationship among the European upper classes, by which a lord granted land to his man in return for military service† (Alexander, 1992, p. 64). This relationship between the lord and the vassal has political implications; the most crucial political characteristic of which was the localization of power and authority. The localization of power was a result of the Civil wars and the many invasions that occurred in Europe (Alexander, 1992). The invasions of the Magyars and the Vikings were instrumental in making the issue of defense a local concern (Alexander, 1992). This situation provided the opportunity for landowners to gain civil and military powers (Nelson, 1999). Due to the attacks, the feudal lords felt the need to hire men to protect their lands, while the people supported the landowners who could offer them protection. Hence, all government power was transferred to the local level, giving the landowners the most authority. Feudalism also dictated the economic atmosphere. Since the the feudal lords already had political authority, it followed that they had economic power as well. Through the fiefs they had given to their vassals, the landowners began influencing the areas within their territories. All the trees within the lord’s land were his possession, and those trees may not be cut for any purpose (Nelson, 1999). The people were also asked to be economical in their fuel consumption (Nelson, 1999). Moreover, for every resource the villagers use, the lord must be paid (Nelson, 1999). This includes taking wood and hunting for animals. In addition, the lord has the monopoly over structures like grain mills and public baths (Nelson, 1999). The villagers also had to pay for the use of these structures. Nonetheless, the lords did not keep all income gained from these endeavors. They also shared it as non-land fiefs; examples of which include profits from the mills or fishing rights in streams (Nelson, 1999). Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/ap-world-history-units-1-3-study-guide/embed/#?secret=FNdgeRQuAx" data-secret="FNdgeRQuAx" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe Aside from the economic rewards of being a feudal lord, he also received â€Å"relief† from his vassals. This was the payment given to the lord for taking a vassal (Nelson, 1999). At the same time, this payment would be used for his crusading expenses, or for the lord’s ransom the moment he got captured (Alexander, 1992). In conclusion, feudalism was marked by two characteristics. On one hand, it was characterized by the localization of power. On the other hand, the economy was dominated by the lords. How to cite World History, Papers World History Free Essays Was Western imperialism an inevitable result of the advance of the Industrial Revolution? Why or why not? Yes, it was an inevitable result because even though imperialism was sort of being used, there was now a reason to go after it. With the Industrial Revolution now making it easier to produce goods, countries were able to grow at a faster rate. With all the products being made, more countries wanted the profit that it would bring. We will write a custom essay sample on World History or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the quality of goods being produced, changes had to be made. Even if imperialism had not been a ‘solution’ at the time, it would eventually come along in the future. On balance, did nineteenth-century imperialism aid or harm the societies involved? Why, and how? Did some groups gain or lose significantly more or less than others? Which groups, in each or either case? How, and why? Imperialism had some positive effects such as helping small colonies develop by having transportation built, schools develop, etc. But in the long run, imperialism did more harm than it did good. When a dominate country took over a smaller country, they would gain more power and profit, as well as the smaller country being able to grow. But further down in the process it didn’t do anything to help the smaller country. In some situations the people in the colonies were used as slaves. In places like Africa, economic concerns were limited, except for several gold and copper mines, so interest was declined. Therefore, they brought no profit and interest was declined. In other cases, the countries brought major profit and the colony was successful. Compare and contrast eighteenth century colonialism with late nineteenth century imperialism. What are the differences, if any, and why? There are few differences between colonialism and imperialism. Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/ap-world-history-units-1-3-study-guide/embed/#?secret=vkoDIARiJH" data-secret="vkoDIARiJH" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe Colonialism is used for settlement of places. Yet imperialism is where a government controls a colony from another country. Also in colonialism, settlers who came were usually permanent, and where another country rules another colony. Imperialism was used as a show of power and expanding into more areas. An example would be Nigeria, where Britain controlled central administration but local authority was assigned to local chiefs. To avoid conflict, customs were not disturbed. They are slightly similar in the way that both of them are ways of showing power and ruling. How to cite World History, Papers